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Advance Steel 2014 SP1 30: Best Practices and Recommendations for Steel Construction



The commands in the BIM Connect category have been designed to allow the user to quickly connect their Autodesk Revit models to the Graitec Advance suite, and then optimize the design of their structures, producing general arrangement drawings, fabrication drawings, BOMs, and NC files, both for steel and concrete structures. The updates to the GRAITEC PowerPack for Revit 2016 R2, when applied to this category of commands, are intended to increase productivity and offer a better response to real situations that may appear in the design process.


Aktualizace třídění v šabloně "Vykres - Strukturovany vypis - srouby.dwg" pro Advance Steel 2014. Tímto souborem nahraďte stávající soubor ve složce \ProgramData\Graitec\Advance Steel\2014\Shared\Support\BOMTemplates.




advance steel 2014 sp1 30




Whilst the LDPE-affiliated Arcobacter 16S rRNA gene sequences reported in this study were closely related to those from isolates and/or clones from marine environments (Figure 4), the ecological role(s) of this genus are poorly understood. Although Arcobacter spp. are increasingly found within marine environments including coastal habitats and sediments [69]-[71], prior research has primarily focused on their role as clinical and animal pathogens (reviewed in [71]). However, Assanta et al. [29] have demonstrated attachment of Arcobacter butzleri onto polyethylene pipe surfaces used in water distribution systems. Arcobacter spp. have also been found to colonise carbon steel surfaces in seawater near Qingdao, China [72]. Colwellia spp. identified in this study were most closely related to those in both polar and sub-tropical marine habitats (Figure 6). Interestingly, whilst Colwellia are considered as psychrophilic and have predominantly been found within polar environments [73], members of this genus have also been identified as minor components of both acryl- and steel-colonizing bacterial assemblages within coastal waters near Korea and China, respectively [26],[72]. Furthermore, Colwellia spp. are known to produce extracellular polymeric substances [74] that may enhance biofilm formation on plastic surfaces. While research into the direct detection of extracellular polymeric substances and other bacterial metabolites on LDPE fragments was beyond the scope of our investigation, bacterial-surface interactions during primary colonization are known to exert a significant influence on the composition and further successional recruitment of microorganisms on plastic surfaces [21],[22].


Although the ecological roles of the LDPE-colonising bacteria described in this study are unknown, both Arcobacter and Colwellia are additionally present in hydrocarbon-rich environments, with both genera having previously been affiliated with hydrocarbon contaminant mineralisation in cold ecosystems [75]-[81]. Interestingly, several hydrocarbon-degrading microbial taxa have also been found to associate with plastic debris in seawater [28]. To advance our understanding of microbial-plastic interactions and their implications for research into the environmental impacts and/or fate of plastic litter in the marine environment, more work is needed to characterize the ability of microplastic-associated bacteria to mediate breakdown of plastic co-contaminants, additives and/or of the petroleum hydrocarbon-derived polymers themselves [23]. Wider investigation is also required in order to determine whether the structure, taxonomic identities and metabolic functions of plastic-affiliated microbial consortia vary across different polymers, in situ environmental conditions and plastic fragments retrieved from benthic and pelagic habitats [21],[22],[26],[67].


Whilst the LDPE-affiliated Arcobacter 16S rRNA gene sequences reported in this study were closely related to those from isolates and/or clones from marine environments (Figure 4), the ecological role(s) of this genus are poorly understood. Although Arcobacter spp. are increasingly found within marine environments including coastal habitats and sediments [69-71], prior research has primarily focused on their role as clinical and animal pathogens (reviewed in [71]). However, Assanta et al. [29] have demonstrated attachment of Arcobacter butzleri onto polyethylene pipe surfaces used in water distribution systems. Arcobacter spp. have also been found to colonise carbon steel surfaces in seawater near Qingdao, China [72]. Colwellia spp. identified in this study were most closely related to those in both polar and sub-tropical marine habitats (Figure 6). Interestingly, whilst Colwellia are considered as psychrophilic and have predominantly been found within polar environments [73], members of this genus have also been identified as minor components of both acryl- and steel-colonizing bacterial assemblages within coastal waters near Korea and China, respectively [26,72]. Furthermore, Colwellia spp. are known to produce extracellular polymeric substances [74] that may enhance biofilm formation on plastic surfaces. While research into the direct detection of extracellular polymeric substances and other bacterial metabolites on LDPE fragments was beyond the scope of our investigation, bacterial-surface interactions during primary colonization are known to exert a significant influence on the composition and further successional recruitment of microorganisms on plastic surfaces [21,22].


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